دروس اللغة الإنجليزية درس The passive form :Grammar " الثانية بكالوريا" - فضاء الخوارزمي

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الأربعاء، 25 يناير 2017

دروس اللغة الإنجليزية درس The passive form :Grammar " الثانية بكالوريا"

دروس اللغة الإنجليزية درس  The passive form :Grammar  
 " الثانية بكالوريا"
الدرس الثالث
The passive form
Active / Passive Verb Forms

 Forme
INFINITIF
infinitif actif
to clean (nettoyer)
infinitif passif
to be cleaned (être nettoyé)
passé de l'infinitif
to have cleaned (avoir nettoyé)
passé de l'infinitif passif
to have been cleaned (avoir été nettoyé)

 


Simple
Continu
présent
is cleaned
is being cleaned
prétérit
was cleaned
was being cleaned
futur
will be cleaned
will be being cleaned
Present Perfect
has beencleaned
Ne s'emploie pas
Past Perfect
had beencleaned


EXEMPLES
Actif
Passif
A sees B
B is seen by A
A is seeing B
B is being seen by A
A saw B
B was seen by A
A was seeing B
B was being seen by A
A has seen B
B has been seen by A
A will see B
B will be seen by A
Notes:
  • A la forme simple (present simple, past simple, etc.) la forme est 'to be' conjugué + participe passé (c'est-à-dire V-ed), Ex. The car was cleaned yesterday (La voiture a été nettoyée hier).
  • A la forme continue (present continuous, past continuous, etc.) la forme est 'to be' conjugué + being + participe passé (c'est-à-dire V-ed), Ex. At 9 o'clock this morning, my car was being cleaned (A 9h00 ce matin, on était en train de nettoyer ma voiture).
  • Avant d'ajouter -ing ou -ed, il faut doubler la consonne finale si les deux conditions suivantes sont remplies:
    • le verbe se termine par une seule voyelle suivie d'une seule consonne,
    • la dernière syllabe est accentuée, ou il n'y a qu'une syllabe — pour savoir si la dernière syllabe est accentuée ou non, il faut consulter un dictionnaire.
  • Le complément à la voix active devient sujet à la voix passive — actif: Peter cleaned my car;passif: My car was cleaned by Peter.
  • A la voix passive, le sujet subit l'action du verbe; si on mentionne l'agent (= sujet à la voix active), il faut l'introduire après le verbe par la préposition by.
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.
Active Form:
      In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form :
      In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:



Active / Passive Overview

Active
Passive
Simple Present
Once a week, Tom cleans the house.
Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous
Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.
Right now, the letter is being writtenby Sarah.
Simple Past
Sam repaired the car.
The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect
Many tourists have visited that castle.
That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous
Recently, John has been doingthe work.
Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous
Chef Jones had been preparingthe restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.
The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
Simple Future
will
 
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future
be going to
 
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous
will
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuous
be going to
At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
Future Perfect
will
They will have completed the project before the deadline.
The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect
be going to
They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.
The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous
will
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous
be going to
The famous artist is going to have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.
The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to
Jerry used to pay the bills.
The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always
My mother would always makethe pies.
The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past
Would
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM.
I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past
Was Going to
I thought Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight.


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